The Evolution of the Microprocessor Essay -- essays research papers

The Integrated CircuitThe Evolution of an Electronic MiracleThe microprocessor evolved over the course of many years of research, and people all over the world enjoy the benefits of this electronic miracle. It is difficult to think of anything that has affected modern life more than this invention. Cellular phones, wristwatches, calculators, automobiles, stereos, televisions, and computers are just a few of the thousands of electronic devices that have a poker chip at the heart of its operation. Over the years, three major breakthroughs occurred to accelerate the birth of the microprocessor the hoover tube, the transistor, and the integrated circuit. The Vacuum TubeAmerican physicist Lee De Forest invented the vacuum tube in 1906. However, one must look back to 1879 when Thomas Edison first revealed the incandescent electric light bulb to understand how De Forest actual his idea. Edisons invention consisted of a conducting filament mounted in a glass bulb. Electricity passing thr ough the filament caused it to heat up and created a vacuum that prevented the filament from oxidizing and burning up. In 1883, Edison detected electrons flowing through the vacuum from the lighted filament to a metal plate mounted in spite of appearance the bulb. This became known as the Edison Effect, but he did not develop this particular discovery any further. However, British physicist John Fleming found that the Edison Effect also detected radio waves and converted them to electricity. In 1904, Fleming first showed off his two-element vacuum tube known as the Fleming rectifying valve that converted an alternating current (AC) signal into orchestrate current (DC) (Kuphaldt).The Fleming diode consisted of an incandescent light bulb with an extra electrode inside. Electrons boiled off the surface of the metal plate and into the vacuum inside the bulb as the filament became white-hot. When the extra electrode became more positive than the filament, a direct current flowed thro ugh the vacuum proving that AC signals could be converted into DC. One of the first uses of the Fleming diode was to detect weak signals produced by the new wireless telegraph. Later, the diode vacuum tube was used to convert AC into DC for power supplies in electronic equipment (Kuphaldt).Many inventors tried to improve the Fleming diode, but the only one who succeeded was American inventor Lee De Forest. In 1906, De Forest int... ...light bulb.ReferencesBellis, M. The muniment of Computers. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from About.com web web site http//www.inventors.about.com/ program library/blcoindex.htm. Hoff, T. Fascinating Facts about the Invention of the Microprocessor. Retreived Feb 28, 2005, from Idea Finder web site http//www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/microprocessor.htmIC Knowledge. History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved February 28, 2005, from IC Knowledge web site http//www.icknowledge.com/history/history.html. Kuphaldt, T. R. Early Tube History. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2005, from All About Circuits Web site http//www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_13/2.html. Lindberg, A. A. The History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from Nobelprize.org Web site http//nobelprize.org/physics/educational/integrated_circuit/historyMaxfield, C. and Brown, A. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2005, from The History of Computers Web site http//www.maxmon.com. Riordan, M. and Hoddeson, L. (1997). Crystal Fire-The Birth of the Information Age. New York, NY W.W. Norton & Company Inc. Sullivan, J. (Ed.). (1988). The Chipmakers. Alexandrea, VA Time-Life Books. (Understanding Computers Series)