Friday, May 31, 2019

Essay --

Leedy and Ormrod (2001) have studied the descent policies and the gillyflower techniques that a company manages to incorporate in its armory to a great extent. They have said that the inventory policies or techniques that atomic number 18 commonly used are ABC analysis, XYZ analysis, VED analysis, Analysis of stock levels etc. The main importance of the inventory tools like inventory compartmentalisation tools that the company follows mainly is seen at a cost level. The cost component is given the major importance whereas the other benefits that arise out of it are non realized, even though it is achieved. Thus the advantages regarding the cost aspect is beautifully explained in this study, but as mentioned in the study, the other factors that are benefited from inventory management are not touched down to very fine detail. But from this study, the fact that can be ascertained is that there is a connect between the inventory policies and the improvement of customer service, bu t it is more or less not related to.Trent and Handfield (2002) have given a very detailed study of the customer perceptions towards a firm, customer service levels, service quality aspect and the determinants that arise in a company which leads to good customer service. The basic thing what the authors indigence to say in this study is that the customers would always like to see the company that is serving them to be rid of inefficiencies. Also the consumption of the product, if achieved by the customer on time or by the time the customer is expecting it to be consumed is a major factor in the customer perception towards the company, and there is no dubiety that such factors can only have a positive impact on the perception of the customer.Pycraft (2000) has stated about the hap... ...n managing the affairs of the departments which may not be directly interacting with the customers, but whose services would surely impact the service quality.It should be clearly understood that fac tors like presentability and aestheticity, discounts etc are not the only factors which would impress customers. better service comes from following basics and this can be achieved by having a good inventory policy.6.3 CONCLUSIONWe can conclude by saying that if we inadequacy to have a good image on the minds of the customers, then we have to be efficient in our services and our co ordination has to be impeccable. all in all this can be achieved through following of a good inventory techniques. Thus we should not neglect the inventory aspects of the company and focus on other things which may look good, but wont help in improving efficiencies and delighting the customers.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The Illuminated Chapel :: Observation Essays, Descriptive Essays

When thither is no sleep for the restless and the night hours become rivers of boredom that I begin to submerge in, I feel my roommate stir with the same disease of unrest and we slowly put our shoes on. Already talk of the town, we begin to drive for about devil or three minutes toward a light in the dark hills. What we manipulate has always drawn us, especially during the late hours. Its the Milligan chapel that we insure high on a hill thrust toward the heavens, beguiling us toward its soft glow.Turning up the winding campus, we finally stop at the position center in front of this tall structure and brilliancet to walk toward its granite steps. I look up at the building, tilting my neck toward the steep spire christened with a metal cross at the very top. A sense of awe and respect surround me as I look on captivated for an instant, unsettled whether the size or the skill put into its creation that makes me feel the way I do.On this hill my roommate and I spend many hours gazing and talking about our problems. With a cigarette in hand we lay our jackets down behind our head on the sidewalk in front the chapel and gaze into space to see what we can see. Sometimes in a conversation we both stop midway through because we see a shooting star light up the damp night air, if only for a second. The shooting star looks like a bright line drawn by approximately invisible hand in the sky. We think since we are in front of the chapel speaking of everything and anything, maybe that is Gods way of saying to break to another conversational subject. So we do. Sooner or later, however, we sit up and stare at the illuminated church thinking of unanswerable questions. Sitting there I can see every little detail on the steeple. At first I pay no attention to the structure slightly the bells in the steeple, but later I notice that those are actually hand carved designs. These designs are remarkable when on later inspection I notice the intricacies of the carvings tha t wrap and merge with each other under the bells.The bells are gleaming with rays of illumination set of by the interior lights of the church letting me see a vast display of colors that glint off the bells smooth surface.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Charles de Secondat, Baron De La Brede Et De Montesquieu Essay

     Charles de Secondat, Baron de la Brede et de Montesquieu was born in1689 to a french noble family. "His family tree could be traced 350years, which in his view made its name neither good nor bad." (TheEncyclopedia of Social Sciences, p. 68) Montesquieus views started tobe shaped at a very early age. A beggar was chosen to be his godfatherto remind him of his obligations to the poor.     Montesquieus education started at the age of 11 when he was sent toJuilly, a shallow maintained by the Congregation of the Oratory. From1705 to 1709 he studied law in Bordeaux. "From 1705 to 1709 he was alegal apprentice in Paris. There he came to receive some of the mostadvanced thinkers of his fourth dimension Fredet, the Abbe Lama, andBoulainvilliers.(Ibid.). In 1716 Montesquieu got a seat of president amortier in the parlement of Guyenne from his deceased uncle. Eventhough he did not like his job he believed parliaments were necessary t ocontrol the monarchs.      In 1721 Montesquieu published the Persian Letters, which he beganworking on while studying in Bordeaux. The bulk was a success. In thePersian Letters Montesquieu showed how relative all of the French valueswere. Even though the technique used in this witty al-Quran was previouslyused by other writers, Montesquieu did a great job making fun of theEuropean values. At that time he already believed in the immorality ofEuropean practices such as religious prosecution. The book gave rootsfor Montesquieus later arguments and ideas.      When in 1728 Montesquieu, with the help of his Parisian connections hegot elected to the French Academy, he was happy to sell his office ofpresident a mortier. In the course of the next three years he traveledall everyplace Europe, visiting Germany, Hungary, England, Holland, Austria,and Italy. It is not surprising that out of his European tour thecountry which had the greatest impact on his later work (just like it did on Voltaires) was England. During his digest there he was elected afellow of the Royal Society.      After he returned to France the second portion of his carrier hadbegan. He became a full time writer, traveling between his La Bredeestate and Paris. It is during this period that the C... ...e world will always be remembered.     Montesquieu can easily be considered a model Enlightment figure. Hisideas bewilder a mild paradox. He wanted change for the better withoutcrushing the current government. He wanted to educate the people of acountry, but was not a radical, and therefore didnt include thepeasants. He respected reason, and used it to help the mankind bycreating an idle society. He critisised religion, and yet had faith inGod. As a whole he tried to improve things without turning the worldupside down. He was the model figure for the steady advancement of thehuman civilization. BIBLIOGRAPHY1.  & nbsp  Hollier, Denis , A New History of French Literature, HarvardUniversity Press, Cambridge Massachusetts, 1989.2.     The Encyclopedia of Social Sciences, p. 467-476.3.     Loy, John Robert, Montesquieu, New York, Twayne Publishers, 1968.4.     A History of World Societies volume II, Houghton Mifflin Company,Boston, p. 669-679.5.     Robert Shedlock, Lessons on World History, 1980, p. 38a-38c.

The Evolution of the Microprocessor Essay -- essays research papers

The Integrated CircuitThe Evolution of an Electronic MiracleThe microprocessor evolved over the course of many years of research, and people all over the world enjoy the benefits of this electronic miracle. It is difficult to think of anything that has affected modern life more than this invention. Cellular phones, wristwatches, calculators, automobiles, stereos, televisions, and computers are just a few of the thousands of electronic devices that have a poker chip at the heart of its operation. Over the years, three major breakthroughs occurred to accelerate the birth of the microprocessor the hoover tube, the transistor, and the integrated circuit. The Vacuum TubeAmerican physicist Lee De Forest invented the vacuum tube in 1906. However, one must look back to 1879 when Thomas Edison first revealed the incandescent electric light bulb to understand how De Forest actual his idea. Edisons invention consisted of a conducting filament mounted in a glass bulb. Electricity passing thr ough the filament caused it to heat up and created a vacuum that prevented the filament from oxidizing and burning up. In 1883, Edison detected electrons flowing through the vacuum from the lighted filament to a metal plate mounted in spite of appearance the bulb. This became known as the Edison Effect, but he did not develop this particular discovery any further. However, British physicist John Fleming found that the Edison Effect also detected radio waves and converted them to electricity. In 1904, Fleming first showed off his two-element vacuum tube known as the Fleming rectifying valve that converted an alternating current (AC) signal into orchestrate current (DC) (Kuphaldt).The Fleming diode consisted of an incandescent light bulb with an extra electrode inside. Electrons boiled off the surface of the metal plate and into the vacuum inside the bulb as the filament became white-hot. When the extra electrode became more positive than the filament, a direct current flowed thro ugh the vacuum proving that AC signals could be converted into DC. One of the first uses of the Fleming diode was to detect weak signals produced by the new wireless telegraph. Later, the diode vacuum tube was used to convert AC into DC for power supplies in electronic equipment (Kuphaldt).Many inventors tried to improve the Fleming diode, but the only one who succeeded was American inventor Lee De Forest. In 1906, De Forest int... ...light bulb.ReferencesBellis, M. The muniment of Computers. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from About.com web web site http//www.inventors.about.com/ program library/blcoindex.htm. Hoff, T. Fascinating Facts about the Invention of the Microprocessor. Retreived Feb 28, 2005, from Idea Finder web site http//www.ideafinder.com/history/inventions/microprocessor.htmIC Knowledge. History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved February 28, 2005, from IC Knowledge web site http//www.icknowledge.com/history/history.html. Kuphaldt, T. R. Early Tube History. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2005, from All About Circuits Web site http//www.allaboutcircuits.com/vol_3/chpt_13/2.html. Lindberg, A. A. The History of the Integrated Circuit. Retrieved Mar. 03, 2005, from Nobelprize.org Web site http//nobelprize.org/physics/educational/integrated_circuit/historyMaxfield, C. and Brown, A. Retrieved Feb. 24, 2005, from The History of Computers Web site http//www.maxmon.com. Riordan, M. and Hoddeson, L. (1997). Crystal Fire-The Birth of the Information Age. New York, NY W.W. Norton & Company Inc. Sullivan, J. (Ed.). (1988). The Chipmakers. Alexandrea, VA Time-Life Books. (Understanding Computers Series)

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

The Journey Through The Differences In Relationships in Cold Sassy Tree

The Journey Through The Differences In Relationships in nipping Sassy TreeDating confirm to the early 1900s and all the way through to the present, romantic relationships bring forth been viewed differently. From strict unwritten dating regulations to not having regulations at all, recent generations have create more liberated in making their own decisions. The progressing times have made us become a more accepting society and have caused a decrease in the strong practice of religion and class. Even though differences such as religion and class in relationships were more than an core they were not always a complete deterrence. In the novel Cold Sassy Tree (1984), Olive Ann Burns plot focuses heavily on religion and its role in society. bloody shame Willis Blakeslee, a Baptist, is tried for heresy by the deacons of the Baptist church for marrying Hoyt Tweedy, a Presbyterian. The deacons voted to put it in the church records that Mary Willis Blakeslee has swapped her relig ious birthright for a mess of matrimonial pottage (11). After her father Rucker Blakeslee confronted the deacons they agreed to remove the pottage element from the document (11). Although this confrontation with Grandpa intimidated the deacons it didnt throng them from excommunicating Mary Willis from her birth church. As it ended up she decided to at play the church of her husband, Hoyt Tweedy. As Cold Sassy Tree illustrates, in Georgia in the early 1900s religion played a major role in marriage decision along with membership to the church. This sort of attention that Mary Willis acquired was very hard for her to tolerate emotionally. It was important to her to appear respectable to the community. Regardless of this embarrassment caused by the Baptist... ... the level of education problems such as outside gossiping, pecuniary differences, differences in interests, and the decrease in ones pride can occur. Religion and class are still issues in relationships but members o f our generation tend to question them less, yet these issues have never been a complete deterrence to a happy and healthy relationship. As time periods change so do the values and morals of the upcoming generations. As illustrated the younger the generation, the more liberated they become to make their own decisions and mistakes. It is the mistakes that we learn from that teach us lifes greatest lesson. After all, if we never made a mistake how would we know if we are leading a correct life? Works Cited Burns, Olive Ann. Cold Sassy Tree. New York Dell Publishing, 1984. Accarino, Susan. Personal interview. 20 March 2001.

The Journey Through The Differences In Relationships in Cold Sassy Tree

The Journey Through The Differences In Relationships in Cold Sassy TreeDating back to the early 1900s and all the government agency through to the present, romantic relationships have been viewed differently. From strict unwritten dating regulations to not having regulations at all, recent generations have become more liberated in making their own decisions. The progressing times have do us become a more accepting society and have caused a decrease in the fond practice of religion and class. Even though differences such as religion and class in relationships were more than an issue they were not always a exhaust deterrence. In the novel Cold Sassy Tree (1984), Olive Ann Burns plot focuses heavily on religion and its role in society. Mary Willis Blakeslee, a Baptist, is move for heresy by the deacons of the Baptist church for marrying Hoyt Tweedy, a Presbyterian. The deacons voted to put it in the church records that Mary Willis Blakeslee has swapped her religious birthrig ht for a mess of matrimonial pottage (11). subsequently her father Rucker Blakeslee confronted the deacons they agreed to remove the pottage element from the document (11). Although this confrontation with Grandpa intimidated the deacons it didnt impede them from excommunicating Mary Willis from her birth church. As it finish up she decided to attend the church of her husband, Hoyt Tweedy. As Cold Sassy Tree illustrates, in Georgia in the early 1900s religion vie a major role in marriage decision along with membership to the church. This sort of attention that Mary Willis acquired was very hard for her to tolerate emotionally. It was weighty to her to appear respectable to the community. Regardless of this embarrassment caused by the Baptist... ... the level of education problems such as outside gossiping, financial differences, differences in interests, and the decrease in unrivaleds pride can occur. Religion and class are still issues in relationships but members of our generation tend to question them less, yet these issues have never been a complete deterrence to a happy and healthy relationship. As time periods change so do the values and morals of the upcoming generations. As illustrated the younger the generation, the more liberated they become to make their own decisions and mistakes. It is the mistakes that we learn from that teach us lifes greatest lesson. After all, if we never made a mistake how would we know if we are leading a correct life? Works Cited Burns, Olive Ann. Cold Sassy Tree. New York Dell Publishing, 1984. Accarino, Susan. private interview. 20 March 2001.

Monday, May 27, 2019

Is fast food consumption really not as advantageous to one’s health as consuming home cooked meals?

The problem that is trying to be resolved is straightaway food better than home sterilizeed repasts. both(prenominal) betting food and home cooked meals are good things to tucker. Fast food is good because its easier than going home making food from scratch notwithstanding the negative thing about it is you possess to pay every time you want something to cancel out. Home cook food is better because you can spend notes on the ingredients you need to make the food, keep it and make it again anytime you want Home cooked meals can be made from fresh ingredients such as ve situateables and fruits.They alike do not have as much sodium and fat as extravagant food meals. They are to a greater extent maintenanceal and dont have as many calories and saturated fat than fast food meals. They may take longer to prepare than fast food, but they are healthier and better tasting. The consequences of eating these foods acknowledge higher cholesterol, higher blood pressure, diabetes, he art disease and obesity. Additionally, fast food doesnt provide basic of balanced nutrition. It lacks essential vitamins and mineral, fiber, and antioxidants.Another health broker is that eating fast food in large amounts creates poison in the body. Introduction Most people are saying that Home cooked meals are broadly considered healthier than fast food. This is because fast food meals typically contain high levels of calories, saturated fat, sugar and salt. People continue to eat fast food because its faster and dont always have time to cook as soon as they get home.Possibly the advantage of home cooked meals oer fast food is its cheaper cost but the reason might be because home cooked mealsgenerally take more time to prepare and require you to have readiness skills. On the other hand, the taste of home cooked meals is generally better, because you are able to distribute fresh and any type of ingredients you feel exit make the meal good. Home cooked meals are different from f ast food meals in terms of serving size and overall nutritional value. After reviewing a article it verbalise that A typical fast food burger uses a combination of ground beef, bread and condiments that ends up having about 71 cal/oz for a sandwich that is about 3. 5 oz.It is possible to make home cooked burgers healthier by using lean ground beef and wheat bread as well as wholesome condiments. If you choose your ingredients carefully, it is possible to make a home cooked burger that only has about 67 cal/oz for a 4. 5 oz sandwich. Methodology The participants that will be studied are teens from ages 13-19. The way the research will be studied is on the benefits of fast food versus home cooked meals. The gender will be both male and females that have their experiences from cooking at home and eating fast food.The nationality would be all kind, not just base on angiotensin-converting enzyme area of a detail nationality. The ethnicities that will be studied are Latinos, Samoans, African Americans, Filipinos, Asians and Hispanics. There is more than one way of collecting data. A way of collecting data will be doing surveys on teens that eat fast food and eat home cooked meals. Another way of collecting data to help my research will be using website, magazines and books that have any information on fast food and home cooked meals.Also watching videos and food network TV shows that show you on how to cook food will be a big help to my research. The area that my information will be collected and interviewing teens will be in the urban center of Carson. Surveying and interviewing teens and adults is the most effective way to collect data because one will hear from different points of view and opinions instead of from just one perspective. This is adjuvant because more than one source will be utilized in an effort to gain relevant information.This way of researching is effective because one can get a lot of information and it makes it a lot easier to understan d the subject of the research. After receiving such feedback one wouldnt really need to use the cyberspace but it can help save time from completing the surveys. Results The purpose of collecting the research was to see if fast food was better than home cooked meals. unitary conclusion that can be drawn from the administering of such research is that of the 50 people surveyed, 25 people preferred home cooked meals and the remaining 25 preferred fast food.Survey results also indicated that the nutritional value associated with the two types of meals, fast food and home cooked, was almost near irrelevant as far as macrocosm a factor in their decision of what to consume. Therefore, the health benefits of one over the other were only a matter of importance to a select few, go percent exactly. A second conclusion can be deduced from the interviews that were conducted. There were ten interviews that were conducted and the information gathered from those interviews was advantageous in deciphering whether or not fast food is of health benefit when compared to that of home cooked meals.The results of those interviews distinctly indicated that ninety percent of those interviewee candidates felt home cooked meals had more health benefits to offer than fast food meals. and then consuming home cooked meals would be advised for those who wish for a healthier alternative to fast food and are seeking health benefits. Such benefits include lower cholesterol, lower probability of heart problems, and diabetes. A third conclusion drawn from the collecting of the data noted above is that home cooked meals offer more nutrients and thus have higher nutritional value than fast food meals.Home cooked meals have higher nutritional value generally because one can select the ingredients that go within the meal(s). Fast food meals come with pre-designated nutrients and most of which are high in sodium and the disadvantageous fats. Therefore, one has no control over what ingredients go in their selected meal. Even though many fast food establishments now offer healthier alternatives it is still not enough to outweigh those that hold from home cooked meals, at least according to the data gathered from this study. DiscussionThe new solution about this whole research would be to stop eating fast food so much and eat at home a lot more because its more healthier than what fast food produce. Its ok to eat fast food when you need to but if its not mandatory you shouldnt take risk at destroying the body. Eating fast food is better nutrition and people wouldnt have so much problem about what there body size weight. Cooking itself is a relaxing activity. It can be a great way to settle down from a stressful workday and bring family together. Kids can help set up the table or help prepare the food.Cooking on the grill also bring family and friends together over the summer, Christmas and thanksgiving. Conclusion Eating home cook meals is the best way to eat healthier tha n fast food. Not all fast food is bad for everybody. One can manage a healthy diet even if one choose to eat fast food sometimes. By not ordering the biggest sizes, drinking water, choosing items that are grilled or baked, manage are more believably to keep one body healthy. Everybody eats fast food and home cook meals but more people eat home cook meals because of the be and what people can get out of it.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Beh 225 Appendix D

Associate Level Material Appendix D TV Character Evaluation Part I Write a summary of 350-700 words identifying the contributions of Freud, Jung, and Rogers. Sigmund Freud, is often described as the most famous figure in psychology. Hes written books on Hysteria commonly being referred to as the father of psychoanalysis. His most popular adds being highly influential on others that study psychology. unconscious, Psychosexual development (stages), Neurosis, transference and trauma be theories that Freud has developed over the years.One of Freuds theories was, that the ad hominemity is three structures. Another theory of Freuds was that our personality is rooted in the dynamics of the unconscious. He determined that the aggressive and sexual instincts were to begin with unconscious drives which could determine our human behavior. Carl Jung is a psychologist that mostly studied the human psyche, dream analysis, and the collective unconscious. Cowgil (1997) refers, He proposed and developed the concepts of the extroverted and introverted personality, archetypes, and the collective unconscious.The issues that he dealt with arose from his personal experiences. For many years Jung felt as if he had two separate personalities. One introverted and other extroverted. This interplay resulted in his study of integration and wholeness. His work has been influential not only in psychology, but in religion and literature as well. She also believed that the unconscious mind had two separate components the personal unconscious and the collective unconscious. Hall (1997) refers, Carl R.Rogers is known as the father of client-centered therapy. Throughout his career he dedicated himself to humanistic psychology and is well known for his theory of personality development. He began developing his humanistic concept while working with abused children. Rogers attempted to change the world of psychotherapy when he boldly claimed that psychoanalytic, experimental, and behavioural therapists were preventing their clients from ever reaching self-realization and self-growth due to their authoritive analysis.He argued that therapists should allow patients to discover the solution for themselves. Rogers received wide acclaim for his theory and was awarded various high honors . Through Rogers enormous efforts in expressing his theory of personality through the publishing of books and lectures he gained a lot of attention and followers as well as those who strongly disagree with his theory of personality development. Reference Cowgil, Charles. Carl Jung, 1997. Part II Choose three of your favorite television characters past or present.Complete the following matrix describing the characters personalities from the point of impression of the three theorists, Jung, Freud, and Rogers. TV Character Jung Rogers Freud 1. 2. 3.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

Genie the Wild Child Essay

1) A case study is when researchers conduct in-depth investigations of individuals or of small groups. The EX POST FACTO method is an data-based research process, where the researcher manipulates the independent variable, while the dependable variable is controlled with the aim of establishing the effect of the independent variable on the dependable variable. There are many another(prenominal) another(prenominal) advantages and disadvantages to case studies. An advantage is that it can provide insight to specific cases. A disadvantage is that it may focus on isolated circumstances or events that cannot be replicated. Also a disadvantage is that people interviewed in case studies may distort their past experiences.2) The scientists were trying to find out if people learn dustup from their environment or are they born with an innate ability to speak? They were also trying to find out if people can learn a language at any succession in their lives or must they learn to speak when t hey are young? The hypothesis of their study was that she would not be able to come back to be a normal living world that is her actual age.3) Genie spent nearly all of the first thirteen years of her life locked inside a bedroom strapped to a potty chair. She was a victim of one of the most s invariablye cases of social isolation ever documented. Genie was discovered by Los Angeles authorities on November 4, 1970. Psychologists exhibited great interest in the case because of its perceived ability to reveal insights into the development of language and linguistic critical periods.Initially cared for in the Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Genie later became the subject of bitter debate over where and with whom she should eventually live, moving between the houses of the researchers who analyse her, to foster legal residences, to her mothers house, and finally to a sheltered home for adults with disabilities in California. Funding and research interest in her abilities eventually c eased and she quickly regressed to her preceding state.4) I do agree with Genies treatment by all involved because in the end her treatment made it possible for many new inventions for children that might have possibilities like Genies. Her case study made many people think about how children are to be brought up correctly. If I was her teacher, I would try to help her while she is in class. I would also let whateverone know that I think that she could have some serious problems both mentally and at home. If I was her doctor, I would put her on medication.I would also tell authorities about what is wrong with her and how her home life could possibly be causing these problems. If I was her psychiatrist, I would let authorities know about what I think is going on at her home. If I was a social worker and I saw her, I would be really concerned and want to investigate to why she is acting the government agency that she was. If I was someone that wanted to adopt her, I would be piss for an experience of a life time and I would also be ready to have someone that needs lots of attention living with me.5) Her behaviors and mental processes were unlike anyone around her age group. She was very much undeveloped. Researchers believe that this was caused from the lack of human contact. Also, because Genie was brought up in an environment that was not good, her verbal skills were very poor. At the age of 13 she only could understand about 20 speech. The words that she did know were harsh and unusual for a little girl to understand.6) The last time that Genie was found by someone was in 2000. At this time she was living in a privately owned facility for six to eight mentally undeveloped adults. I feel that today she should been someone that could manifest people what happens to children who are brought up in poor childhoods.7) My connection to this specific case study is that people, who are brought up in unhealthy early lives, are going to have problems later on in t heir lives. There is not a specific case study that is similar to this one for many reasons.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Are the five precepts realistic principles for a Buddhist to live by today? Essay

I personally think that the five precepts argon existent enough because they are quite quasi(prenominal) to the things that a Muslim may or may non do. The reason I say this is because I am a Muslim and some of these precepts are the same for me to follow in everyday life.For example, precept 2 I undertake to abstain from taking what is not freely givenIn opposite words, it means No stealing or any form of exploitation or taking advantage of someone. This should not be hard to follow because, firstly of all this is against the law and I doubt it that any other religion would allow stealing.All of the precepts are really what I, as a Muslim is not allowed to do, except the first one (to abstain from harming living beings).The reason I have brought myself into this is because as I said before, I do most of these and I dont find any of them hard to follow so why should a Buddhist?The obvious answer to the title would definitely be yes, because they are the same as what people with other faiths must not do.Precept 1 is a very simple precept and must be easy to follow, since there are millions of other vegetarians from other faiths in our world and they find it easy and realistic enough. I think that it is easy to survive by being a vegetarian, because there are a lot of other foods to eat except meat etc.Precept number 2 is in any case realistic because you will never be allowed to steal unless you want to, and if you are not interested to steal, then you wont so this one is alike realistic enough as well.I would think that Precept 3 would be slightly harder to follow and less realistic because of what everyone else is doing at this moment. In the U.K and in most other countries se outside marriage is a very common thing and this might draw you in. I am not motto that you should, but some people would have sex for fun and this precept may also be interpreted as avoiding any over-indulgence, such as gluttony such as sex for fun which in this world would be h ard not to have.Precept 4 is also not as realistic as 2 & 3 because these days talking behind peoples backs and lying is such a common thing that plane if you dont want to lie you will be forced into it.Precept 5 is also not realistic because everyone really has a procedure of a potable and even some Buddhist do, so this is not a very strong precept but still it wouldnt be hard to follow. Also what would be the point of following this when some Buddhists drink moderately or not moderately? They still drink Basically I think that this is the most random precept and there is no point to follow but all the other precepts should be realistic enough.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Mexican Immigrants

The number of Mexican immigrants, both legal and sinful, in calcium today is sort of staggering. Amidst the terrorist threat issues and confused biological sc argons, these immigrants welcome changed the saving of California completely.The state of California once boasted a healthy employment market for immigrants, as well as natives. Now, the economy of California is in recession, along with the rest of the United States. According to the California Employment Development Department, unemployment numbers rose to 4.5 percent in October, which is a rig out from the 2.1 percent a year ago. Of the thousands of jobs lost in September and October, over half were in hospitality, service, and construction.(The Waiting Game, 2006)As a result of the drop in employment, Mexican immigrants are struggling to survive. Most immigrants are in the United States to refer a better life for their families, who are often still in Mexico. They work and earn wages to pay their vivification expense s here, and the rest is sent back to their families. Most have now taken to the streets to stand and wait for a job opportunity. Undocumented seasonal workers are the most vulnerable. They make up 8.5 percent of the total number of immigrants, and they have to resort to sleeping in position and under bridges.According to Martha Sanchez-Gomez, a specialist from the Social Research Institute of the Nacional Autonomous University of Mexico, said that immigrants suffer discrimi terra firma and social vulnerabilities. She also states that long-lived immigrants make up 61.6 percent of the total, while those who travel back and forth between here and Mexico represent 28.8 percent. The latter are those who work with the high seasons, when the demand for workers is higher. (Mexidata.Info-July 2005)The gravid immigrants are not the only ones who suffer. The numbers of children that have had no formal education before immigration is outrageous. These children f exclusively far behind the ch ildren of other California residents. Tied in with the uneducated parents, they postulate just to get through day to day life. Ms. Sanchez-Gomez states that statistically, 3.2 percent of adult immigrants have had no schooling, whereas 66.6 percent have a maximum of six year of education. The majority of the farm workers are young men with very low levels of education. About 10 percent are women, who prefer jobs as hotel chambermaids or as domestic workers, or to do cleaning work in nearby restaurants.It is widely recollectd that Mexican immigrants should be allowed to nonplus United States citizens on the conditions that they pass the citizenship tests and that they cooperate with local government. While this is an opportunity for them, it leaves a gapping whole in local economies as well as the nations economy.There are several views, both pros and cons, to letting Mexican immigrants propitiate in the United States. There is a heated debate victorious place now that, if solved , will provide some general laws that are more defined than what they are now.Think about the pros to illegal immigrants befit permanent citizens. These immigrants will contribute more money to economies. Some will continue their education, and go one to open more businesses, thereby providing more employment. Because they have an unexpressed assumption that they should earn their own way, the immigrants tend to struggle in silence, never asking for governmental financial services such as Food Stamps. This reduces the obligation to tax payers.The cons to illegal immigrants staying in the United States far outweigh the pros. Immigrants have caused the homeless population to rise. The available employment, as stated before, has dropped gravely, adultly due to the accompaniment that the immigrants are satisfied with working for minimum wage. The available housing has dropped as well, and will continue to drop due to the large numbers of illegal immigrants that fuck to sneak acro ss the border.Mexican immigrants increase the poverty levels. Although they are making as much as 10 times what they would in Mexico, the standard of living in the United States is much higher. These immigrants do not generally take this information into account when they make their plans to immigrate. About 47 percent of undocumented Mexicans believe that improving their quality of life can only be improved by coming to the United States. unmatched common myth about illegal Mexican immigrants is that they are all criminals deserving to be severely punished. However, the typical immigrant is an honest person, struggling to give a better life to himself and his family. A large percentage of these immigrants mind their own business, and are far from being violent criminals. Can we say that much about the United States population?Another quite racist myth about the immigrants is that they are just here as parasites that are feeding off our tax dollars and not contributing in return. As stated earlier, they know that they have to pay their own way, and thus always offer something in return for what they may need. Mexican workers pay sales taxes on their purchases, the same as everyone else, but illegal immigrants are often taken advantage of and paid below minimum wage. This gives the employer a higher profit margin. They are simply pocketing the taxes they withhold from payrolls.Right now, with the nation being in the condition that it is, the Mexican immigrants are hurting us more and more the longer that they stay here. Most of these immigrants can not read or write, let alone speak English. They are taking up valuable space and employment that is severely needed to raise our national economy. We have enough problems with Americans. We have a growing number of homeless. We have a growing number of unemployed mothers and fathers, who struggle to feed their children. The dependency of government social services by Americans grows as each day passes.There needs to be a set conclusiveness made as to the fate of the Mexican immigrants. Either we give them the opportunity to become citizens, or we deport them. There should be no in between. Those that cannot become legal immigrants, even if they have a temporary work visa, should be deported as well. There are other ways for the United States to help the Mexicans.One way that the United States can offer assistance to Mexicans, without the fear of it being solely a charity effort, is to open more businesses in Mexico. We have all these huge corporations and ridiculously large multi-million dollar companies. If we start opening more businesses in Mexico, with pay standards the same as ours, Mexicos economy will benefit. wherefore should the drug dealers and slum lords be the only ones that are happy and have a good quality of life?Resources1. Hue, Vanessa (September 9, 2005) Mexican Immigrants Kids Falter in School http//sfgate.com/cgi-bin/article.cgi?file=/c/a/2005/09/09/BAGL1EKTDM1.DTL2. Noti mex News Service Of Mexico City (July 25, 2006) Mexican Immigrants in California Lack Basic Services for Mexidata.Info www.mexidata.info/id555.html3. Schefler, Chris (2006) writing for the University of Dayton racist Myths about Mexican Immigrants http//academic.udayton.edu/race/02rights/guadalu4.htm

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

Obesity in Black American Women Essay

Culture, Biology and Lifestyle Cause Forty Nine Percent of sour American Women to be Obese Abstract. fleshiness is a major factor in health today. Certain ethnic groups and genders suffer from corpulency much than others. Around 49% of tout ensemble blackened American women be classified obese today. There atomic number 18 many reasons for this. still the three the ignominious American women be sensitized to are culture, lifestyle and biological science. Forty nine per centum of Black American women are obese. This is an over representation compared to 38% of Latina women and 33% of non-Hispanic white women. (Phelan, Johnson, Wesley).Many factors picture a persons cant over and health status. Economics, lifestyle, diet, culture, biology and society every affect a persons remains size and composition. Culture, biology and lifestyle stomach the largest impact on wherefore Black American women are obese. health, economic and societal implications of obesity are over whelming and affect each person in this country. The medical community defines obesity as having a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 30 or gr run d featureer. BMI is alone a semblance of clog to height. The actual formula is weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.A BMI of greater than 25 unless less than 30 is considered overweight and a BMI of greater than 40 is considered morbidly obese. BMI is a comparison of weight to height, not fat to height. BMI is a useful tool for most of the population, but does not work well for heavily muscled people, such as proboscis builders. Fat is damaging to health. Muscle is not. The general population knows that obesity causes diabetes and heart problems. But obesity is much more severe than that. Obesity causes health problems that many find eye opening. Obesity causes hardening of the arteries, increased cholesterol and cardiac failure.In addition to damaging the heart and arteries obesity causes cancer. Twenty percent of all canc er related deaths in women are attributed to obesity (Dixon). Fifty percent of all Type II diabetes patients are obese. (Dixon). Obesity is associated with increased risk of metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease (Kogiso, Moriyoshi and Nagahara). Obesity causes many more not so well known, but still very concerning health issues. Thirty one percent of all arthritis patients are obese. (Dixon). Sixty three percent of women who suffer from degenerative arthritis are obese (Dixon).Obese women order of battle a 37% increased risk of depression (Stunkard). Obesity can cause infertility and pregnancy complications (Phelan, Edelman). It change surface can reduce the effectiveness of birth control. Obese people are three times more apt to suffer from sleep apnea (Visscher, Seidell). And for the real shocker, 300,000 deaths per course of story in the United States alone are attributed to obesity Obesity is only second to smoking in preventable deaths per year in the US. (Visscher, S eidell). The reasons nearly half of all Black women in the US are obese are complex and many.We can point our finger at economics, lifestyle, society, biology, diet, culture. Culture, lifestyle and biology are the primary reasons 49% of Black women in the US are obese. Studies have shown that culture can have a pro prime effect on body size. Several studies have found that the Black American population has a preference for larger body size (Johnson). Portia Johnson, in her article, Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity in Black American Women, references a 2002 athletic field that shows that African American men prefer African American women with a larger body size.The equal author as well as cites a 2006 study that shows that African American women describe a model of health that speaks to the Black womens cultural belief that a larger body size is ideal (Johnson). African women also have a preference for larger bodies. A 2006 study on ethnic Zulus, Zulu migrants to London, and Ang lo Londoners show a preference for larger body size by the Zulu migrants and the ethnic Zulus (Brewis 88). Each participant in were shown gray scale watchs of women of known BMI. The participants were asked to choose which image represented the most healthy and attractive body.The Anglo Londoners chose a BMI size of 20, the ethnic Zulus chose BMI 26 and the migrant Zulus chose a BMI of 24. Dr. James Kirby and colleagues made the interesting discovery that simply living in a community with 25% or more non-Hispanic blacks increases ones propensity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Similarly Dr. Kirby discovered that living in a community of 25% or more Asians decreases a persons propensity of being overweight (Kirby et al). Kirby surmises this is due to the availability of healthy food, parks, sidewalks and recreation facilities in each community.Kirby found that a predominance of black Americans live in communities with fewer recreational facilities, gyms, parks and fewer choices o f healthy food than other ethnicities. The very(prenominal) study also found more fast food restaurants and convenience food stores in predominately black and Hispanic American communities. Perhaps the most persuade evidence is in the words of African American women. In her article Voices from the Inside African American Womens Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles Jill Rowe interviewed African American women on healthy lifestyles and food choices.One woman explains eating in African American culture as Its almost like every person in my family has something they cook real good and I dont want to hurt anybodys feelings. When you go to your mamas house, Ive always gone to the refrigerator. Thats how African Americans show their love. From the birthday parties, to when you have company. My family, when were happy we eat. When were sad, we eat. We eat when were married, we eat when were born, we eat when we die. Its always, whos bringing the fried chicken and pound cake. (Rowe) Culture can significantly affect a persons weight.But we should also be aware that biology can affect weight too. Researchers have found that Black American women have a lower Resting Metabolic come in (RMR). RMR is the rate at which energy (calories) are metabolized to keep organs functioning at rest. Black American women have a lower RMR than white or Hispanic women. This pith they burn fewer calories end-to-end the day and function more efficiently than white Americans making it harder to lose weight (Johnson). A 1996 study found that the Resting Energy Expenditure (REE) of black American women was lower than for Caucasian American women.The researchers measured the REE of each participant and found that the Black women had a REE of 1790 calories per day at rest, while the Caucasian women had an REE of 1949 calories per day at rest. Simply put this means that Caucasian women burn, on average, 250 more calories per day at rest than Black American women do. This makes it harder for blac k women to lose weight (Johnson). Researchers have also discovered that Black Americans have an over expression of fatty acid transport protein. This means that more fat is delivered to fat storage cells making it easier for Black Americans to store fat than white Americans (Barakat).Researchers have measured and found more upper body fat in Black Women compared to white women. A larger below the skin level (subcutaneous) fat level was found in Black Women as compared to white American women (Conway). Diet and execute are part of a persons lifestyle and both have a significant impact on weight and health. Several studies have proven that Black Americans eat more angelicalened foods as compared to European Americans. Portia Johnson and colleagues cite a 2000 study on preference for sweet food amongst African Americans and European Americans.The study offered taste tests to each ethnic group and compared how each group responded to sweets. The researchers discovered that Black Ameri cans ate more of the fresh foods offered at various intervals during a taste test (Johnson). They conclude that African Americans could be using a sweetened food to compensate for greater perceive stress causing greater weight gain and obesity. Angelia Paschal and colleagues examined the results of a study on self-reported diet and exercise habits of African American men and women.They found that 55-75% of the women in their study rarely exercise. They also found that 76% of all participants did not eat the minimum daily requirements for fruit and less than half met the minimum requirements for vegetables. Not surprisingly this study reports that 62% of participants were diagnosed with hypertension and 14% were diagnosed with elevated blood sugar levels and/or diabetes (Paschal et al). A study that compared fitness of Latina American women to Black American women found similar results. More than one-half of the women reported engaging in no regular physical activity.However, the substantial variability in the compute of minutes exercised per week points to the need to investigate methods to enhance the duration of physical activity. (Sanchez-Johnsen et al). Genesis, a church based health and fitness program aimed at Black Americans, found that many of the participants did not correlate obesity with poor health. The participants in Genesis completed a self-reported survey where only 16% indicated they were obese, but when clinically measured 87% were found to be overweight or obese.This indicates that participants failed to connect excess weight with medical risk, possibly due to cultural conditioning, personal denial or not associating body weight with health risk (Cowart et al). It is not all gloom and doom for women of color in the US. Culture, biology and lifestyle are all things that can be changed or at least worked with to lose weight and gain fitness. There are several programs in this country aimed at overall fitness for Black American women. The Genesis program has worked with black Americans through churches and found this combination very successful.Genesis provided health and diet education, exercise prescriptions and a motivation partner. Some of their successes include a 71% less soda consumption, fried meat consumption was reduced from 91% to 55%. The percent of respondents reporting no exercise at all went from 45% at the start of the program to 27% on the post pilot survey (Cowart et al). respectable as diet, lifestyle and culture can be changed so can biology. Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR) can be raised by obtaining a skinny body mass as muscle is more active than fat.Withers and colleagues have proved this with a study conducted on 49-70 year old women. Their study has found that aerobic training in older women increases RMR. They compared active women to non-active women and found that the active women had a significantly higher RMR. Having a body composition of more lean mass to fat mass greatly has implicatio ns for increased independence and improved quality of life. (Withers et al). Black American women have special challenges and considerations in weight loss and fitness.They face a culture that encourages eating and appreciates large body size, a more efficient metabolic system that uses fewer calories at rest, a propensity for their bodies to store fat, and a lifestyle that makes diet and exercise difficult. Yet knowing these challenges is half the battle. With knowledge, the support of the community and their family, and commitment they can overcome these challenges and action a goal of lifetime fitness and health. Works Cited Barakat, HA. Obesity Overexpression of Fatty Acid Transport Proteins May Contribute to Obesity in Black Women. cognizance Letter. 7 Feb 2006. 1218. Web. 18 Feb 2013.Brewis, Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. (2011). Print. Conway, Joan. Ethnicity and Energy Stores. The American ledger of cli nical Nutrition. 62. 5. Nov 1995. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Cowart, Luvenia. et al. Designing and Pilot-Testing a Church-Based Community Program to smother Obesity among African Americans. ABNF Journal. 21. 1. (2010). 4-10. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Dixon, John. The Effect of Obesity on Health Outcomes. Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. Vol. 316. result 2. 25 Mar 10. 104-108. Endocrine Aspects of Obesity. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Edelman, Allison. specific Feature Do We Have a Problem? Obesity and Contraception. OB GYN Clinical Alert. Dec 2011. n. pag. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Johnson, Portia Yvonne Wesley. Scholarly Perspectives on Obesity among Black Women. ABNF Journal. 23. 3. (2012). 46-50. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kirby, James, et. al. Race, Place, and Obesity The Complex Relationships among Community Racial/Ethnic Composition, Individual Race/Ethnicity, and Obesity in the United States. American Journal of Public Health. 102. 8. Aug 2012. 1572-1578. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Kogiso, Tomomi. et al. Clinical Sig nificance with Fatty Liver Associated with Metabolic Syndrome. Hepatology Research. Vol. 37. Issue 9. Sep 2007. 711-721. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Paschal, Angelia. et al. Baseline Assessment of the Heath Status and Health Behaviors of African American active in the Activities for Life Program A Community Based Health Intervention Program. Journal of Community Health. 29. 4. Aug 2004. 305-318. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Phelan, Sharon. Obesity in the American nation Calories, Cost and Culture. American Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Volume 203, Issue 6, Dec 2010. 522524. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Rowe, Jill. Voices From the Inside African American Womens Perspectives on Healthy Lifestyles. Health Education and Behavior. Vol. 37. Dec 2010. 789-800. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Sanchez-Johnsen, Lisa. et al. Ethnic Differences in Correlates of Obesity between Latin-American and Black Women. Obesity Research. 12. 4. Apr 2004. 652-660. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Stunkard, Albert. Depression and Obesity. Biological Psyc hology. Vol. 54 Issue 3. 1 Aug 2003. 330-337. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Visscher, Tommy, Jacob Seidell. The Public Health Impact of Obesity. Annual Review of Public Health. (2001). 355-375. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Withers, RT. et al. Energy Metabolism in Sedentary and Active 49- to 70-yr-old Women. Journal of Applied Physiology. Vol.84. Apr 1998. 1333-1340. Web. 18 Feb 2013. Bibliography Brewis, Alexandra. Obesity Cultural and Biocultural Perspectives. New Brunswick. Rutgers University Press. (2011). Print. Brewis book is a must read for anyone studying, researching or working in health, weight management or fitness. The author takes a look at obesity from an anthropologists standpoint. Where did obesity originate? How does if effect certain races/genders more than others? These are some of the questions answered. The author has lived in different cultures and worked with different ethnicities obtaining answers to some of the mysteries surrounding weight gain.She has uncovered reasons why obesi ty is prevalent in the United States and other countries. And discusses why some ethnicities are more vulnerable to weight gain after migrating to the United States or other developed nations. The author has studied the culture of the Pima Indians of both the US and Mexico and explains why obesity affects the US Pimas more than the Mexican Pimas. Brewis also explains why some ethnicities find larger body weigh acceptable and why some ethnicities have larger males than females and why they find this perfectly normal. Biagioli, Brian. Advanced Concepts of Personal Training.National Council on Strength and Fitness. (2007). Print. This book was by a medical doctor. This manual is applicable to anyone interested in learning more about physical fitness, nutrition, physiology, body composition and exercise mechanics. It is the National Council on Strength and Fitness guide for all their certified personal trainer candidates. The manual contains 540 pages with many illustrations explaining obesity, Resting Metabolic Rate (RMR), Body Mass Index (BMI) and physiology. This manual includes chapters on special populations such as women, children and special needs individuals.HBO The Weight of the Nation. HBO Documentary Films Centers for Disease Control and Prevention National Institute of Health. Et al. Various actors/directors. (2007). DVD. This is a four part documentary on obesity in America. Each part is approximately one hour long. The parts consist of consequences, choices, children in crisis and challenges. The films explore why the United States is facing an obesity crisis, and what we can do about it now. Various health experts narrate the films. Interviews are conducted with a host of citizens dealing with obesity right now.They tell in their own words the challenges they face. There is significant commentary and interview on ethnicities, females, citizens living in inner cities and the issues surrounding obesity and weight gain. The Skinny on Obesity. Perf. Rob ert Lustig et al. UCTV Prime. 12 Apr. 2012. Web Video. This video series plays on UCSF Prime TV online. Dr. Robert Lustig is endocrine expert at the UCSF Childrens Hospital. This is a seven part series that tackles the grassrootss of the obesity epidemic such as sugar, hormones, fast food, childhood obesity, and endocrine system. Each part is about 15 minutes long.Only a basic understanding of health and physiology is needed to fully understand concepts presented. Platkin, Charles. The Automatic Diet. New York. Penguin. 2005. Print. This book discusses how to slowly improve your diet over time with small changes. Dr. Platkin holds a master of public health and is one of the nations leading public health advocates. He writes The Diet Detective, a syndicated article that appears in hundreds of newspapers throughout the country. His book takes the reader through small steps of diet and lifestyle changes that together create a whole new diet makeover making orthomolecular eating simpl e and thus automatic.

Tuesday, May 21, 2019

Intersectional Analysis of Bend It Like Beckham

productal analysis of crinkle it Like Beckham. For this assignment, to make an intersectional analysis I intractable to watch a photo. After searching and thought process for a sequence I picked the movie B pole it Like Beckham, since a lot of elements in this movie are applicable on my hold life and I re every(prenominal)y could relate to one of the characters in the movie. As the title of the movie already implies, it is rough football and takes tail end in England. Jesminder is a Sikh, Indian girl from a very traditional Indian family. She is non interested in fashion, boys and her looks the only social function she is interested in is football.One time when she is playing in the park with her friends, who are all boys, Jules sees Jesminder play. Jules is an English, white girl who plays football. Jules askes if Jesminder wants to join the team up, but Jesminders parents do not agree. She joins the team anyways and this causes a lot of friction in her own family. Parmi nder Nagra, who is in her real life in any case a member of the Sikh religion, plays Jesminder. She grew up in England and from an early age on she wanted to become an actress. Her parents wanted her to finish her education first before she was allowed to start acting.Bend it Like Beckham was her breakthrough film and got her a role in the popular TV-show ER. Keira Knightley is the actress who plays Jules in the movie. She is a white woman, born and raised in England. She started acting at a very young age. Bend it Like Beckham was also her breakthrough movie and she has played in count little of popular movies since, for example Pirates of the Caribbean, Love Actually, Pride and Prejudice. The director of the movie, Gurinder Chadha, is a woman from Indian decent, who is also a member of the Sikh religion, was born in Kenya but grew up in London.She studied journalism and ended up working as a reporter for the BBC and quickly realized she wanted to direct movies and documentaries. Most of her films focus on the differences between Indian and English families and the inequality between them, loosely in a negative way for the Indians. Bend it Like Beckham is one of her most famous works. After describing the movie contents, the main actors and the director, I am passing to apply intersectional analysis to this movie. Before starting the intersectional analysis the term intersectionality needs to be explained.Kimberle Crenshaw was the first person that mentioned the surmise of intersectionality. This theory is a study that focuses on the different biological, social and cultural categories that define someones identity and place in society. All these categories are in relation with each another(prenominal), for subject sexual activity, word form, race and sexual orientation combined define your place in society and sadly also the way people treat you. These so called axes all influence each other, there is not just one aspect that defines our place in soc iety.Combinations of all the axes, the starting betoken of intersectionality, contribute to social inequality, such(prenominal) as racism, sexism, homophobia, but also religion-based discrimination. According to this theory the person who would be the most judge is a white, straight male from a higher class. A black, gay woman from a lower class would take the lowest place in society, while a white, gay woman from lower class would stand above her, and a white, straight woman from lower class would nonetheless take a higher position in society.Now that I explained the theory of intersectionality I preempt apply it to the movie, but before I do that, I would like to make a point about football-movies in general, and also a point about the lead actresses of the movie. After watching this movie I decided to search for other movies about football. There are over hundreds of movies that focus on mens football in one way or another, a team, the fans, a coach, but only a a few(preno minal) movies, a total of seven, focus on girls that play football, and Bend it Like Beckham is the only one with the focus on a girl who is not white.This shows that football is a sport that is still very gender-based, despite the fact that in the Netherlands alone already 120. 000 girls play football. Also race plays an important part, because all the other movies about girls football focus on white girls, while I know from my own experience there are a lot of girls from different races who play football. I myself played football for seven years, and I played in a team where half of the girls were non-whites. I ordain focus on this later on.The second point I would like to make is that despite this movie is the breakthrough for both main characters, Keira Knightley and Parminder Nagra, Keira is way to a greater extent successful than Parminder. I researched both their filmographies, and Keira got a lot of movie offers after this movie, while Parminders only offer was a role, not even a leading role, in the TV-show ER. Parminder played in a few small movies, and in every single one of them the focus was on her racial background, while Keira Knightley got very divers movie offers, from playing a pirate to an historical person. The fact hat the role offers for both women depend on their race shows that in this case Parminder has a lower position in the society. She has very limited choices to pick from, while Keira has, because of her white skin-color, more choices. With that macrocosm said I can focus myself on the movie itself. This movie really focuses on gender and ethnicity, but sexual orientation is also a big part of it. football is still seen as a mens sport, and these girls in the movies are automatically a minority because they play football. I myself render encountered the same problems as these girls.I am a white, straight girl living in a western country, but when I told people, that I played football, their reaction was always a girl who plays football? That is so weird And without their knowledge of my sex activity, quite often people assumed I was a lesbian because I played football. Without sagacious any axes of my life, I was automatically put in a lower position, just because I am a girl who played football. This also is seen in the movie. Jules has short hair, wears baggy clothes and plays football, and her mother overhears a conversation between Jules and Jess about love, but she misinterprets it and thinks Jules is gay.The mother is very upset about her daughter being gay and when Jules key outs she is not gay, the mother is very relieved and then says there is nothing wrong with being gay. Even though she says that, she is still happy her own daughter is in fact not a lesbian. This shows certain stereotypes towards girls that play football, have short hair and wear baggy clothes. Football is such a gendered sport that it automatically leads to sexism, thinking girls who play football must be lesbian because t hey play a mens sport.Lesbianism is also seen as something less right than being straight, seeing the mother is relieved her daughter is not a lesbian. The coach of the team, a young, straight white man is ashamed to be the coach of a girls team. He had to stop playing football due to an injury, and he wanted to do something with football. He ended up coaching the girls team, but he has never told this to his father because he is afraid his father will get angry because theyre just girls. This also shows the gender-based thinking towards girls, but intersectionality becomes even clearer when race gets involved. When Jesminder first joins the team, the eaction of the coach is that he has never seen an Indian girl play football, and he is angry with Jules for bringing her to the team because he expects her to not be able to play football, because she is an Indian girl. He says this without even seeing her play. She turns out to be the best of the team. Without knowing anything about her he places her in a lower social position than white girls, just because of her race, and he already places himself above girls. During a match a girl from the opponent calls Jesminder names, a specific word being used is Paki, which is a swearword used towards people from Indian decent.Even though its a girl who calls Jesminder this and probably has see the same gender and sexism problems as the other girls in this movie, she still places herself above Jesminder in the social hierarchy, only because Jesminder is from a different race. A different delineation that shows the lower position of Jesminder is when her parents want her to focus on school instead of football. They literally say she needs the highest grades possible for a good future because her chances for a good job are smaller than the chances of an average white girl, whose chances are again smaller than those of a white boy.This sentence alone shows her chances of a good future are gender and racial based. The cla ss she will belong to when shes an adult depends on how good her job is, which again depends on her gender and race. This thus shows that women who are not white almost automatically end up in the lower classes of the society. A white woman has more chances to end up in a higher class, but still has fewer chances than a white man. Jesminder would make more chances for a good job if she were an Indian boy, because then only race would be a problem, while in her case its race and gender.As I said, in my own football team were a lot of non-white girls, and all of them, at least they parents did, belonged to the lower class, while the white girls in my team, including myself, were from a higher class than they are. There is one point in the movie where the lower position of the male is seen. Her best friend, a boy named Tony, confesses to her he is gay, but she must promise him she will not tell anyone about this. In the Indian religion it is not acceptable to be gay, that is his reason not to tell anyone. But if he would be openly gay, his position on the social ladder would get lower, because he would be gay, Indian man. If Jesminder would be from a different ethnicity I do not think it would have made any changes for the movie. The main point is that a white skin colour in the western world means a higher place in society than any other skin colour. If Jesminder had been a lesbian it would have placed her even lower on the social ladder. This also applies for Jules, she is a white, straight female, so she is quite privileged in general, but I think if the director had made her a lesbian, the stereotypes towards girls that play football would be even clearer and also show more struggles of women in a society.Sexuality does play a part in the movie, since Jules mother thinks she is a lesbian, but yet she turns out to be straight. I think this movie really shows the importance of using intersectuality when it comes to determining someones position in the society. The struggles of girls that play football to be accepted playing a mens sport and overcoming typical stereotypes are shown, just as well the struggles of an Indian football-playing girl being accepted in the western society. This movie shows that football is still a very gendered sport and that a girls choice to play football influences her position.Gender, race and sexuality play an important part in this movie and combinations of these axes are shown really well. 1 . profits Movie Database, Bend it Like Beckham (2002), http//www. imdb. com/title/tt0286499/? ref_=sr_1 2 . Internet Movie Database, Parminder Nagra, http//www. imdb. com/name/nm0619406/bio 3 . Internet Movie Database, Keira Knightley, http//www. imdb. com/name/nm0461136/? ref_=tt_cl_t2 4 . Internet Movie Database, Gurinder Chadha, http//www. imdb. om/name/nm0149446/? ref_=tt_ov_dr 5 . UCLA School of Law, Kimberle W. Crenshaw, http//www. law. ucla. edu/faculty/all-faculty- profiles/professors/Pages/kimberle-w-cre nshaw. aspx 6 . E. Midden, multinational feminism lecture, 12 February 2013. 7 . E. Midden, multinational feminism lecture, 7 January 2013. 8 . Internet Movie Database movies about soccer, http//www. imdb. com/list/Rt0kVvuG_IA/ 9 . Koninklijke Nederlandse Voetbalbond, vrouwenvoetbal http//www. knvb. nl/competities/amateurvoetbal/vrouwen) 10 . K.Crenshaw, Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex A Black Feminist Critique of Antidiscrimination Doctrine, Feminist Theory and Antiracist Politics, University of Chicago Legal Forum (1989) 59. 11 . G. Wekker, and H. Lutz. , High winds on a cold Plain, Botman, Jouwe and Wekker, (eds. ) Caleidoscopische Visies, (2001), 2-4. 12 . K. Crenshaw, Demarginalizing the Intersection of Race and Sex, 65. 13 . G. Wekker, and H. Lutz. , High winds on a cold Plain, 8-9. 14 . E. Midden, Transnational feminism lecture, 12 February 2013. 15 . G. Wekker, and H. Lutz. , High winds on a cold Plain, 14-16.

Monday, May 20, 2019

Sex deformities at birth or at any other time

Sometimes, a boy may be born with small pennies (micropenis) or they may comport the penis missing at all. My people involve continuously referred to the sex electronic organ to determine the sex of the child and thereof boy without penies may mistakably be taken as a girl. However, research has proved that there are may other factors that should be considered in determining the sex of a child.A boy may be born with micropennis or without a penies due to a number of defects including cloacal exstrophy which affects the bladder. It may also b due to an accident at receive like a mishandled circumcision, which is normally referred to as ablation penis. The issue of concern around such effects is whether these children should be taken as a boy or a girl.The theory underlying ablation penies is that when a boy is born without a penies or loses penis as a result of circumcision, the child buns be brought up as a girl and by the time they reach puberty, oestrogen buns be introduced in her body to induce maturation of female characteristics. In this paper we are sack to review nonpareil of champaign on ablation penis which was research by John notes in 1975.John/Joan caseThe 1975 study has been considered as a study of opportunity since the set involve twin brothers with iodine brother acting as cut back for the study. The study was about John who penis had been distorted in a botched circumcision and was later reassigned as a female while his brother acted as the control for the study.In his work specie had encountered the two twins who had been born in 1960s. When they reached the age of 7months, the boys were recommended to undergo circumcision since they were developing phimosis, a condition which leads to narrowing of the opening of the foreskin. While undergoing circumcision, one of the boys, John was severely burned by an electrocautery lingua in his pennies which was completely destroyed. (Money, 1975)This incident would affect the life of the boy in severe way. One of the psychiatrist postulated that the boy would no be able to consummate marriage since he would be incapacitated to have a heterosexual relationship. This would severely affect his relationship with other people especially the fellow boys and therefore he will be forced to live apart from others. Something had to be done to change his sort of life.When Money learned about the plight of the boy, he suggested to the parents that the boy to be reassigned as a grail. Money recommended that the boy should undergo a surgical process to create a female genitalia organ by removing the male penis and should be raise as a girl. When the boy reached 17 months, surgeons remove his testes reshaping the scrotum like a vulva. Henceforth, John became Joan and was raised like a girl by his parents. John/Joan did not experience any trauma or suspicion. (Money, 1975)John Money, who had done extensive research on the hermaphroditic children, ground his argument on that at birth babes are sexually neutral and malleable for a windowpane period which last from birth to about 18-24 months. It is during the window period that sexual identity is make and fixed. harmonise to Money social imprinting and learning are the most important factors that affect psychosexual development. This instruction was inconsistent with many researches that had been done on acquisition of language.Therefore in this case John/Joan was the subject of study while his brother was the control. The twins were evaluated on regular bases at Hopkins. At puberty, Money reevaluated their psychosexual development and confirmed in his 1975 matter that John/Joan behavior confirmed her as a girls and no one would conjecture that Joan had been born as boy. Joan behaviors were like that of a little girl and were remarkably different from that of her/his brother. (Money, 1975)Money publication was important in the field as is confirmed that plasticity could be used in sexual practice as well. This confirmed that an infant who had been born as an un obscure male could be successfully reassigned as a female and henceforth grows as a normal girl. Moneys publication formed the basic practice for pediatricians taking care of infants with ambiguous genitalia. The study showed that genetic make and prenatal endocrinology does not have an effect in assignment of sex.However, a follow up of the study revealed that Joan had exhibited male behaviors setback to Moneys publication. For example it was revealed that Joan stood up when urinating and she was rejecting by her girlfriends. She was alienated by other girls.Later exploration of the case or what had happened to Joan/John revealed the failure of the process. His twin brother revealed that John had never shown any feminine characteristics.When Joan reached cardinal years, psychiatrist advised his father to reveal the childhood ordeal when John told his mother that he would go through himself if he was taken to Hopkins to be administered with hormones. John request for mastectomy which was performed and he became a male again. He has since and then lived as a husband, father and a breadwinner for the family.ConclusionThe case of John/Joan reveals important factor that should be considered when refashioning infants with ambiguous genitalia. Although this case had shown initial success, the later results which contradict the earlier findings assert that there must be a thorough assessment of sex reassignment before considering their success.These results show that contrary to what has been assumed, children usually observe the pattern of their sexes. though Joan was supposed to live as a girl, her behaviors never changed and she exhibited male behaviors.ReferencesMoney, J. (1975) Ablatio penis Normal male infant sex-reassignment as a girl. Archives of Sexual Behaviors, vol. 4 65-71

Sunday, May 19, 2019

Ethical Theory Comparison

Ethics are a part of everyday life. Dependent on the single(a)s focus, morals can be a core note value or a term used when needed. This comparison entrust assist with understanding the morality of individual decisions or choices based on the ethical system inherited. moral excellence based theories centers on good purpose behavior, a type of human growth that forms good decision making and control of bad habits. Virtue likewise creates a format that eliminates moral conflict over time. An individual with strong virtue ethics volition make decisions naturally.Correct moral decisions require correct motives. Utilitarianism concentrates on the right and wrong of the end result. It includes the matter to of others as salutary as personal interest. To understand what moral is under this theory simply appraise the good and bad of a situation. Unlike deontological ethics, this eliminates the thought of others and creates the image of selfishness. This theory does not set well wit h common religious followers. (Voytinsky, 2011). Deontological ethics focus on the reason why we do or act. This practise would allow rules to be broken as long as the moral duty is hold deared.Pain and pleasure will not satisfy action under the theory. Obligations are written in stone. The moral principle is keep regardless of consequential occurrence. Deontological ethics are common among religious practices. (Cline, 2013). I joined the military at twenty on with strong Christian ties. A recruiter convinced me that my job was non-combative. My worry, of course, was not to harm or kill another human being. Saudi Arabia told a different story.I was faced with shooting to kill to protect myself and my comrades, or honoring commandments. My religious beliefs would have put me in military prison. I would have also become a target among my peers. I was forced to accept the utilitarianism approach in order to give way and return home to my family.The scope of all things ethical may become slightly misunderstood cod to the morality of each individual. Strong beliefs or a sound knowledge of whats right to you may create the conflict of a life time. Understanding thesedifferences describe in this writing will ease to understand the complete picture. Each ethical theory has its value in life. Being aware will allow us to facilitate conflict, conversations, or debates with proper knowledge of which ethical value is used, discussed, or misunderstood.

Saturday, May 18, 2019

Concept and Value of Entrepreneurship

Question What is entrepreneurship? Illustrate your answer with suitable examples from your piazza country. Nowadays, entrepreneurship places an important determinant of development in the society and regarded as the rock stars in the railway line world. accord to Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM), entrepreneurship is defined as any attempt to attain a new business initiative or to expand an existing business by an single(a), a team of individuals or an effected business. It fashion that the individuals or an established business argon able to make a unique, mod and creative character whether in employment or ego-employment.At the same time, entrepreneurship represents populate who atomic number 18 poken to good turn on opportunities and environmental catalysts in the face of limited re reference books. At its core, entrepreneurship is jump a business from idea conception to managing the company for the long term. There is no doubt that entrepreneurship deserves t he reputation for the agreement that it has the level of liberty of which traditional managers can only dream. ( Morrison, 2000) In order to inquire entrepreneurship deeply, this article illustrates two essential split to analysis entrepreneurship.The first aspect is giving the concept of entrepreneurship including the explanation of entrepreneurship and discussing whether entrepreneurship is aroused from nature or nurture. The bite part is considering the think of of entrepreneurship. Part one the concept of entrepreneurship Entrepreneurship can be explained into various approaches, including frugal approach, temperament approach and other approaches. In this part, the article put emphasis on the stinting dimension and character dimension to analyze the features distinguished entrepreneurs.The role of entrepreneurship is embedded in the mainstream stinting models. Considering the direction of causality in the midst of entrepreneurship and economy, it can be proved that econ omic development fall ins umteen opportunities which can transform new ideas and form the new enterprises. On the contrary, the creation of new industries and the innovation of existed firms which stimulated by entrepreneurship may stimulate the economic growth. Therefore, entrepreneurship can be regarded as both the cause and effect of economic development.From an economic interpret, the measure of entrepreneurship is the component of new firm formation. Entrepreneurs are more than than a business man, they are the speculative trader which is consummate to put forward new ideas, grasp the opportunities and combine the effective management with innovation in the try and uncertainty background. When starting up a new enterprise, there are a number of jobs on tap(predicate) can be generated. When facing with the economic slump and financial crisis, entrepreneurs can drive the company fare out of the trouble by seizing opportunities and reservation innovation.There comes a conclusion that the entrepreneurs as the element of economic change so that it makes huge contri hardlyions to economic growth. ( Oscar, Javier & Pablo, 2009) It is far from enough for explaining the entrepreneurship in economic rationale. Economic perspective ignores the special human abilities and differences in human values, capabilities and power of human will result in disparate practical solutions. Therefore, it is essential to take the personality into account. Personality traits aim to using the characteristics of individual to explain the differences of individual actions when facing the similar conditions.Personality traits also explain the behaviors of entrepreneurs. There is no doubt that the individual personality of entrepreneurs stimulates their passions, fond interactions and creativeness. In order to give a deep understanding of entrepreneurship, there are several traits which watch a close relationship with entrepreneurship. ( Littunen, 2000) Innovation is the soul of entrepreneurship. Hampered by uncertainty and limited resources, entrepreneurs should to reply the commixture agile efficiently and run short creative in facing the disputes.Since the essence of entrepreneurship is doing the different things quite a than making something better, the lack of innovation will result in the decline of enterprise, even perishing. In the point of view of CEO Zhang Ruimin, entrepreneurship is the creative destruction, if the enterprise attempts to make great achievements, there is a need for enterprise to bankrupt themselves, and otherwise they will be destroyed by other firms. Thus, recently, Haier put forward an idea that enterprises should be adapt to the demand of epoch development other than willing to success.Haier relies on the pursuit of innovation perseveration by the means of setting up an independent operation mode of the win-win body prosperously become a attracter in the industry. ( Okpara, 2007) Adventure is the nature of the entrepreneurial spirit. Facing with the potential risks and uncertainty, it is impossible to have entrepreneurship if lacking of adventure. It is said that you must kiss a large number of frog to find the princess. It means that entrepreneurs should have to experience setbacks and failures in order to be success. Liu chuanzhi is the representative of entrepreneur in china.Although he has been alleviated from this office, he still keens to start new businesses. Regardless of facing risks and many challenges, he intends to transform Lenovo into an enterprise which produces enterprises. It can be drawn that entrepreneurs have the spirit of adventure and dare to be the first one. (Hadji, Cocks & Mueller, 2007) companionable vision is the key to entrepreneurship. Social vision can be regarded as a strong brain of obligation and destiny to satisfy human needs. Possessing kindly vision promotes entrepreneurs to find the opportunities and act as an agent of social age.Li kaifu, the CE O of Innovation Works, stress that entrepreneurs should spare no effort to produce more social returns. He proves himself through actions. September 4, 2009, Kaifu Lee resigned from Google to run his Innovation Works as an angel investor and require new models for society by his huge influence. Li kaifu has the sense of obligation and aspiration to make contri thation to social and economic development by creating new business and innovation. Whats more, there are many other characteristics which are associated with entrepreneurship such as locus of lock, determination, and trusting and trustworthy.When entrepreneurship attracts publics attention, there is a heated debate aroused about whether entrepreneurship is caused by nature or nurture. Some groups believed that genetic factors existed to drive people to engage in entrepreneurial body process. There is no doubt that some kinds of specialities are people born(p) with, such as the innovativeness, adventurous and locus of cont rol. These characteristics are determined by genetic factors rather than training or other environmental factors. It is insisted that genes may have an influence on chemical mechanisms in the brain so that people maybe more willing to pursue entrepreneurial activity.Genes also partake individual characteristics which can make entrepreneurs different from others, such as people who possess characteristics of innovativeness and locus of control are more likely to throw themselves to the entrepreneurial activity. ( Kroeck, Bullough & Reynolds, 2010) Genes entrust people the ability to be more sensitive than others to environmental stimuli, it means that entrepreneurs are easier than others to master the social change in order to unionise in advance. Whats more, genes may make people to good at find favourable factors and opportunities to take care the company development.Therefore, it is nearly impossible to find a simple formula or entrepreneurship that can be trained, the specific characteristics and habits possessed by the successful entrepreneurs was inherent. ( Kenney & Mujtaba, 2007) However, some groups take the opposite view that entrepreneurial leaders are made rather than born. They consider that there is hardly existed entrepreneurship gene for the reason that the majority of entrepreneurial leaders start at a two-year-old age. According to the survey, about 33% of the entrepreneurial leader said that working in the corporate environment makes essential contribution to the success of their business.At the same time, 45% of entrepreneurs establish their take in businesses after the age of thirty. Although there still have young entrepreneurial leader, it is no doubt that the knowledge they acquire in the college and the personal experiences through the corporate and social environment are essential to their success. In spite of the young age, over a half of entrepreneurs regarded themselves as the transitioned leader for the reason that they have s pent a much time in the traditional employment before starting their own business. The education and experiences lay great foundation on the entrepreneurs.It can be concluded that entrepreneurs are aroused from both nature and nurture. Some unique characteristics of entrepreneurship which include creativeness, locus of control and risk-takers are born with and can not be taught, these characteristics make the entrepreneurial leaders apart from the traditional managers. Nevertheless, becoming successful entrepreneurs and running the business successfully in the long term are not simply requiring the specialties, but also depending on the combination of indwelling and external factors, consisting of education, timing, culture, social environment and sometimes luck.Part two the value of entrepreneurship Almost without exception, entrepreneurship brings a lot benefits to individual, companies and society. Most importantly, entrepreneurship indeed generates great economic benefits so th at it should be adjoin importance to. Actually, entrepreneurship is regarded as a challenge for people. It requires people to break the traditional thinking of managers and become the risk-taker and create a new business. Although it may be difficulty for people due to the lower median incomes and more volatile and less secure, entrepreneurs could earn self satisfaction and rewards which is an opportunity for them.At the same time, developing the entrepreneurship can generate self sufficiency which can create the wealth. According to the top ten popular entrepreneurs in china which is ranked by Forbes, consisting of CEO Ma huateng in Tencent, CEO Ma yun and other entrepreneurs, the aim of be is to make entrepreneurship internationally respected and admitted. Therefore, facing uncertainty risks and challenges, entrepreneurs are still willing to create their own business and achieve their values. Firth & Mcelwee, 2009) Entrepreneurship also plays the dominant role in the enterprise development it is the major source of the enterprise core competitiveness. The core competitiveness of enterprise is regarded as the extension of entrepreneurship and it can be reflected by the visionary and vigorous leader. As being the unique position in company, it is important for entrepreneurs to take righteousness of risk activities such as the organization innovation, management innovation and value innovation.For example, in 2002, Huawei was facing the challenge of lacking of technology advantages and entering the cyclical downturn, CEO Ren zhengfei carried out the deep reform which includes industrial restructuring and internal restructuring and finally enterprise met the success. It proved that entrepreneurship does not simply constitute the internal driving force of development, but also become the external development opportunities. Entrepreneurship makes huge contribution to the social development, especially in economy.Entrepreneurship generates a large number of emp loyment opportunities by the establishment of new business which is treated as a significant input to economy. It is also improving the level of productivity by boosting the GDP rates or tax contributions. Moreover, entrepreneurs are able to create many innovations which promote the boom of inventions the world would have been a much dry place to live in. Especially in recent years, China is experiencing the economic downturn influenced by the global economic crisis it is in urgent need of entrepreneurship to promote the economic recovery.Sun mingnan is the represent of the generation of 80s, which was the most attractive young entrepreneur in Summer Davos, his successful experience proved that young entrepreneurs attach importance to the economic development in China. ( Santo, 2012) Above all, entrepreneurship has substantial value, it is increasingly treated as a vital driver of economic, productivity, innovation and employment development, and it is believed to be a key aspect of economic dynamism and a key factor to determine the birth and death of firms and their growth and downsizing.It is also promoting the self satisfaction and sufficiency. Since creating a new business and participating in self-employment has become a common activity in the world, entrepreneurship is widely recognized as the major drive in economic growth. After the base analysis of entrepreneurship among the economic and political ways, as well as whether entrepreneurship is caused from nature or nurture, it can be concluded that entrepreneurs indeed have some kinds of characteristics which are born with, also need the knowledge and experiences. have with both nature and raining, entrepreneurs have the ability to make contribution to individual, enterprises and the society. In a conclusion, entrepreneurship is deserved for both people and government to pay attention to. References Firth, K & Mcelwee, G(2009), Value-adding and Value-extracting Entrepreneurship at the Margins, daybo ok of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, vol. 22, pp39-53 Hadji, M, Cocks, G & Mueller, J(2007), Toolkit for leaders entrepreneurship and leadership prerequisites for a winning performance, Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, vol. , pp1-13 Kenney, M & Mujtaba, BG(2007), Understanding Corporate Entrepreneurship and development A Practitioner View of Organizational Entrepreneurship, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 12, pp73-88 Kroeck, KG, Bullough, AM & Reynolds, PD(2010), Entrepreneurship and Differences in venue of Control, Journal of Applied Management and Entrepreneurship, vol. 15, pp21-49 Littunen, H(2000), Entrepreneurship and the characteristics of the entrepreneurial personality, International Journal of Entrepreneurship Bhaviour & Research, vol. , pp295 Morrison, A(2000), Entrepreneurship what triggers it? , International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, vol. 6. 2, pp 59-72 Okpara, FO(2007), The Value of Creativity a nd Innovation in Entrepreneurship, Journal of Asia Entrepreneurship and Sustainability, vol. 3, pp1-14 Oscar, GB, Javier, GB & Pablo, MG(2009), Role of entrepreneurship and market place orientation in firms success, European Journal of Marketing, vol. 43, pp500-522 Santo, FM(2012), A Positive Theory of Social

Friday, May 17, 2019

Frederick II of Germany

The Crusade is a series of octet military campaigns between 1096 and 1270 in which europiumans seek to wrest control of the Holy Land from the Moslems who ruled the Middle East. Members of these groups are said to be recruited later a meeting of the church council in France where the Pope had c on the wholeed upon knights to go to the Holy Land and free the Christians from the Muslim rule. Aside from these, the Crusades are also tasked to regain the Holy Sepulcher. subsequently the said meeting, the traveling preachers were said to be the ones responsible for propagating the concept which was then openly accepted by the hatful.That was said to be the start of the eight beseechs in the next 200 years of history. Along with the mounted knights, more more foot soldiers were to downstairsstand the cross, or twist Crusaders. These included archers, crossbowmen, spear men and foragers. Under the feudal system, they owed their allegiance to landowning lords. Crusades were costly enterprises. The funds for outfitting the soldiers on their expeditions to the East might be provided by the feudal lords or raised done taxes, sales of land or other property, or loans.Payment of the loans could be delayed until their return, and no doubt just about had dreams of coming home with some of the treasure hinted at by the Byzantine emperor. Of course, a great many never came home at all. However, the Crusades failed to achieve their objective and cost untold lives. However, they did expose Western Europe to new ideas, and resulted in a heightened desire for adventure and an urge to see distant places. This curiosity was eventually channeled into the exploration of the New World. Frederick II of Germany who then headed the 5th Crusade was blamed after its failure.Although he was considered a leader of the crusade, he was not around to actually lead the group. He did sent his army to back every actions made by the crusades yet many of the meliorists feel that they might have done much better or yet outperformed what they have done should Frederick II was present to show his leadership sk grims. After this incident, the Grand Master of the Teutonic Knights named Hermann von Salze told Frederick II to marry Yolanda who is then the Queen of Jerusalem, in order to proceed the bad impression of those who had expected the victory of his crusade.Frederick was such a fickle minded and irresponsible man. He was said to have reaffirmed his vow to the pope scarcely he kept on changing minds and duty period dates as to when he could meet the deadlines . With such an act, Pope Gregory believed that the delaying tactics being done by Frederick was a sign of his being coward. Soon after, Frederick II was excommunicated by Pope Gregory. After several excommunication orders obligate upon Frederick II, the Knights Templar and other members of the Teutonic Knights refused to back up him again.After no help has been extended to Frederick, he decided to ta lk to the grand Turk of Jerusalem and came up with an agreement. They quickly came to an agreement, with Jerusalem being granted to the Christians, and both parties agreeing to a ten-year truce. Al-Kamil was criticized by his people for making this agreement, plainly he knew that he could retake the Holy Land whenever he wanted. Frederick was similarly criticized by the Christians, who protested that he was sent to kill the heathen, not dine with him and sign treaties.Additionally, they were now noticing the defensive vulnerabilities of Jerusalem that the sultan had counted on when he made the deal. The Emperor entered Jerusalem on March 17, 1229. On the next morning, Sunday, Frederick went to the perform of the Holy Sepulchre to celebrate mass, only to find that no priest was there. Undaunted, he proceeded to crown himself fairy of Jerusalem. This act, combined with the conquest that he represented, earned Frederick the hatred of most(prenominal) Palestinian barons.He had libe rated Jerusalem and become its King, but it was immediately evident that his grasp on the Holy Land was tenuous at best. The seventh Crusade was a crusade led by Louis IX of France from 1248 to 1254. In 1244 the Khwarezmians retook Jerusalem, after the end of a ten-year truce following the Sixth Crusade. The fall of Jerusalem, no longer an earth-shattering event to European Christians who had seen the city realize from Christian to Muslim control numerous times in the past two centuries, did not supple an immediate call for a new crusade.Pope Innocent IV and Frederick II, Holy Roman Emperor were diligent in a continuation of the papal- imperial struggle. King Louis IX who lead the seventh crusade was having fuss trying to fix and prepare another fortune of knights to compose the seventh crusade after all previous crusades had failed. France was perhaps the strongest state in Europe at the time, as Provence had mostly fallen under Parisian control after the Albigensian Crusade, and Toulouse was led by Louis IXs brother Alphonse, who joined him on his crusade in 1245.Another brother, Charles I of Anjou, also joined Louis. For the next three years Louis collected an ecclesiastical 10th (mostly from church tithes), and in 1248 he and his approximately 20 000-strong army sailed from the ports of Aigues-Mortes, which had been specifically built to prepare for the crusade, and Marseille. Louis IXs pecuniary preparations for this expedition were comparatively well organized, and he was able to raise approximately 1,500,000 livres tournois.However, many nobles who joined Louis on the expedition had to borrow money from the royal treasury, and the crusade turned out to be very expensive. They sailed initial to Cyprus and spent the winter on the island, negotiating with various other powers in the east the Latin Empire set up after the Fourth Crusade asked for his help against the Byzantine Empire of Nicaea, and the Principality of Antioch and the Knights Templar wanted his help in Syria, where the Muslims had recently captured Sidon.However, Egypt was the object of his crusade, and he landed in 1249 at Damietta on the Nile. Egypt would, Louis thought, provide a base from which to attack Jerusalem, and its wealth and supply of grain would keep the crusaders fed and equipped. On June 6 Damietta was interpreted with little resistance from the Egyptians, who withdrew further up the Nile. However the flooding of the Nile had not been taken into account during the campaign, and it soon kept Louis and his army grounded at Damietta for six months, where the knights sat back and enjoyed the spoils of war.Louis ignored the agreement made during the Fifth Crusade that Damietta should be given to the Kingdom of Jerusalem, now a rump state in Acre, but he did set up an archbishopric there (under the authority of the Latin Patriarch of Jerusalem) and used the city as a base to direct military operations against the Muslims of Syria. In November, Louis marched towards Cairo, and almost at the same time, the Ayyubid sultan of Egypt, as-Salih Ayyub, died. A force led by Robert of Artois and the Templars attacked the Egyptian camp at al-Mansourah, but they were defeated and Robert was killed.Meanwhile, Louis of import force was attacked by the Mameluk Baibars, the commander of the army and a future sultan himself. Louis was defeated as well, but he did not withdraw to Damietta for months, preferring to besiege Mansourah, which ended in starvation and death for the crusaders rather than the Muslims. In March of 1250 Louis finally returned to Damietta, but he was taken captive on the way there, fell ill with dysentery, and was cured by an Arab physician. In May he was ransomed in return for Damietta and 400 000 livres, and he immediately left Egypt for Acre, one of the few remaining possessions of the crusaders in Syria.Meanwhile, the Mameluk soldiers of Egypt revolted. Turanshah, as-Salihs successor, took control of Cairo, creating a Mameluk dynasty that would eventually fascinate the last of the crusader territories. Louis made an alliance with the Mameluks, and from his new base in Acre began to rebuild the other crusader cities. Although the Kingdom of Cyprus claimed authority there, Louis was the de facto ruler. Louis also negotiated with the Mongols, who had begun to appear in the east and who the Christians, encouraged by legends of a Nestorian kingdom among them (cf.Prester John), hoped would help them fight the Muslims and restore the Crusader States. They, like the Muslims who were similarly negotiating with the Mongols against the Christians, were unaware that the Mongols were not provoke in helping either side and would eventually be disastrous for both. Louis embassy to the Mongol ruler Mongke Khan, headed by William of Rubruck, was a failure. The Khan rejected Louis invitation to convert to Christianity, and instead suggested Louis submit to him. In 1254 Louis money ran out, and his presence was infallible in France where his mother and regent Blanche of Castile had recently died.His crusade was a failure, but he was considered a nonesuch by many, and his fame gave him an even greater authority in Europe than the Holy Roman Emperor. In 1270 he attempted another crusade, though it too would end in failure. As clearly stated in this paper, it has been said that entering truce agreements with the enemy is a not acceptable for the Crusades. In the case of Frederick II, most of his supporters had failed to be identified with him and also was not accepting the thought of being a traitor to their country.The crusades crapper be synonymous to heroes of each country in the world where they are often roused by the flavor to fight for what is right and what is advantageous for their countrymen. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1. Sixth Crusade. http//everything2. com/index. pl? node_id=1387038 (accessed May 6, 2007). 2. The Crusades, Science and its Times700-1449. http//www. bookrags. com/research/ the-crusades-scit-021/ (accessed May 6, 2007). 3. seventh Crusade. http//en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Seventh_Crusade (accessed May 6, 2007).